capture_window.py
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"""按窗口标题截图。
用法：
python capture_window.py <title-substring> [output.png]
例：
python capture_window.py 珠宝壹佰 shot.png
python capture_window.py 登录 login.png
依赖：Pillow（项目已装），ctypes（标准库）。
仅 Windows。
"""
import ctypes
import sys
from ctypes import wintypes
from pathlib import Path
from PIL import ImageGrab
user32 = ctypes.windll.user32
EnumWindowsProc = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
ctypes.c_bool, wintypes.HWND, wintypes.LPARAM
)
def _get_window_text(hwnd):
length = user32.GetWindowTextLengthW(hwnd)
if length == 0:
return ""
buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(length + 1)
user32.GetWindowTextW(hwnd, buf, length + 1)
return buf.value
_PROCESS_NAME_CACHE = {}
def _get_process_name(pid: int) -> str:
"""通过 pid 拿到进程可执行文件名（小写，不含路径）。"""
if pid in _PROCESS_NAME_CACHE:
return _PROCESS_NAME_CACHE[pid]
PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION = 0x1000
kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
psapi = ctypes.windll.psapi
h = kernel32.OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, False, pid)
if not h:
_PROCESS_NAME_CACHE[pid] = ""
return ""
try:
buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(260)
size = wintypes.DWORD(260)
if kernel32.QueryFullProcessImageNameW(h, 0, buf, ctypes.byref(size)):
name = buf.value.split("\\")[-1].lower()
else:
name = ""
finally:
kernel32.CloseHandle(h)
_PROCESS_NAME_CACHE[pid] = name
return name
def find_window(title_substring: str, exe_filter: tuple = ("pythonw.exe", "python.exe", "zb100imagegenerator.exe")):
"""返回首个标题包含 title_substring 且属于 exe_filter 进程的可见窗口 hwnd。"""
found = []
def callback(hwnd, lparam):
if not user32.IsWindowVisible(hwnd):
return True
text = _get_window_text(hwnd)
if title_substring not in text:
return True
# 检查进程
pid = wintypes.DWORD()
user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, ctypes.byref(pid))
name = _get_process_name(pid.value)
if name in exe_filter:
found.append((hwnd, text))
return False # 停止枚举
return True
user32.EnumWindows(EnumWindowsProc(callback), 0)
return found[0] if found else None
def get_window_bbox(hwnd):
"""获取窗口外接矩形（含标题栏 / 边框）。"""
rect = wintypes.RECT()
# DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS = 9，能避开 Win10/11 的不可见 shadow border
DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS = 9
dwmapi = ctypes.windll.dwmapi
res = dwmapi.DwmGetWindowAttribute(
wintypes.HWND(hwnd),
ctypes.c_uint(DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS),
ctypes.byref(rect),
ctypes.sizeof(rect),
)
if res != 0:
# 回退到 GetWindowRect
user32.GetWindowRect(hwnd, ctypes.byref(rect))
return (rect.left, rect.top, rect.right, rect.bottom)
def main():
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
print(__doc__)
sys.exit(1)
title = sys.argv[1]
output = Path(sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) > 2 else "shot.png").resolve()
hit = find_window(title)
if not hit:
print(f"找不到标题包含 '{title}' 的窗口", file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(2)
hwnd, full_title = hit
# 用 PrintWindow 直接从窗口拿位图，不需要把窗口提前（避免打断用户）
bbox = get_window_bbox(hwnd)
width = bbox[2] - bbox[0]
height = bbox[3] - bbox[1]
img = _print_window_to_pil(hwnd, width, height)
if img is None:
# 回退：把窗口提前再截屏
import time
user32.ShowWindow(hwnd, 9) # SW_RESTORE
user32.SetForegroundWindow(hwnd)
# 顶置-取消顶置技巧绕开 Windows 前台限制
HWND_TOPMOST = -1
HWND_NOTOPMOST = -2
SWP_NOMOVE = 0x0002
SWP_NOSIZE = 0x0001
user32.SetWindowPos(hwnd, HWND_TOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE)
user32.SetWindowPos(hwnd, HWND_NOTOPMOST, 0, 0, 0, 0, SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE)
time.sleep(0.5)
img = ImageGrab.grab(bbox=bbox, all_screens=True)
img.save(output)
print(f"OK hwnd={hwnd} title={full_title!r} size={width}x{height} -> {output}")
def _print_window_to_pil(hwnd, width, height):
"""用 PrintWindow API 从窗口直接拿位图（不依赖窗口在前台）。"""
from PIL import Image
gdi32 = ctypes.windll.gdi32
hdcWindow = user32.GetDC(hwnd)
hdcMem = gdi32.CreateCompatibleDC(hdcWindow)
hbm = gdi32.CreateCompatibleBitmap(hdcWindow, width, height)
gdi32.SelectObject(hdcMem, hbm)
PW_RENDERFULLCONTENT = 0x00000002
ok = user32.PrintWindow(hwnd, hdcMem, PW_RENDERFULLCONTENT)
if ok:
# 提取位图数据
class BITMAPINFOHEADER(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [
("biSize", wintypes.DWORD),
("biWidth", wintypes.LONG),
("biHeight", wintypes.LONG),
("biPlanes", wintypes.WORD),
("biBitCount", wintypes.WORD),
("biCompression", wintypes.DWORD),
("biSizeImage", wintypes.DWORD),
("biXPelsPerMeter", wintypes.LONG),
("biYPelsPerMeter", wintypes.LONG),
("biClrUsed", wintypes.DWORD),
("biClrImportant", wintypes.DWORD),
]
class BITMAPINFO(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [("bmiHeader", BITMAPINFOHEADER), ("bmiColors", wintypes.DWORD * 3)]
bmi = BITMAPINFO()
bmi.bmiHeader.biSize = ctypes.sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER)
bmi.bmiHeader.biWidth = width
bmi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -height # top-down
bmi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1
bmi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = 32
bmi.bmiHeader.biCompression = 0 # BI_RGB
buf_len = width * height * 4
buf = (ctypes.c_ubyte * buf_len)()
gdi32.GetDIBits(hdcMem, hbm, 0, height, buf, ctypes.byref(bmi), 0)
img = Image.frombuffer("RGBA", (width, height), bytes(buf), "raw", "BGRA", 0, 1).convert("RGB")
else:
img = None
gdi32.DeleteObject(hbm)
gdi32.DeleteDC(hdcMem)
user32.ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdcWindow)
return img
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()